London - Joe Root should step down as England Test captain following his side's series loss to the West Indies, former skipper Michael Vaughan told the BBC.
Root's position is under the spotlight after a 1-0 series defeat which came on the back of a woeful 4-0 Ashes thrashing by Australia.
That extended England's poor run to four successive Test series defeats.
The 31-year-old Yorkshire star batter has skippered England in a record 64 Tests, winning 27 games -- more than any other captain -- but lost 26, which is also more than any other captain.
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Vaughan, who captained England 51 times from 2003-08, has known Root for many years but says it is better to have Root in the side without the burden of the captaincy.
"He's taken it as far as he possibly can," Vaughan told the BBC.
"If he rings me in the next week and asks for some advice I'll be dead honest -- I'd tell him to step down.
"Will England be any worse off not having him as a captain? I don't think they would, because they are going to get his runs and a senior player."
Vaughan said he would prefer it if Root, who has expressed his desire to remain captain, resigned rather than was fired by the future permanent director of cricket and the head coach.
- 'Hasn't been helped at all' -
Former captain Andrew Strauss and Paul Collingwood are filling the roles of director of cricket and coach respectively following the departures of Ashley Giles and Chris Silverwood prior to the West Indies series.
"I wouldn't want the new director of cricket or head coach to sack him -- he's deserved the right to go on his own ground," said Vaughan.
"During his reign I don't think he has been helped at all.
🗣 "He's got a fantastic cricket brain." ðŸ§
— Sky Sports Cricket (@SkyCricket) March 29, 2022
Nasser Hussain says Ben Stokes would be the ideal candidate to replace Joe Root as England captain. pic.twitter.com/zo6NdV2ENI
"His first Ashes series there was the Ben Stokes incident (a late night fracas outside a Bristol bar), then we had the white-ball reset, then he's had Covid and it's been very difficult.
"But, I always think captains should pride themselves on maximising every ounce of potential in the changing room.
"I just look at the team and ask 'Why did they perform so under their potential?' That would be a real concern for me.
Vaughan says Root has lacked a clinical touch when it has come to matches that are delicately poised.
"Tactically he has been poor," said Vaughan.
"It has been a common trend under Joe -- he hasn't managed to grab a game. If he does carry on he'll really need someone who can drive the tactical side of the game with him."
"We've definitely made big improvements"
— Cricket on BT Sport (@btsportcricket) March 27, 2022
Joe Root sees the positives and is determined to continue as Test captain. #WIvENG pic.twitter.com/U9ex2JrCYc
However, Root did receive support from England's record wicket-taker James Anderson, who along with long-time team-mate and fellow opening bowler Stuart Broad were controversially omitted from the West Indies tour.
"If you get the right people in those two jobs above him then he can still do a really good job."
Vaughan was returning to the BBC for the first time since being dropped from its Ashes commentary team after allegations of racism made by Azeem Rafiq.
The 47-year-old categorically denies the accusation he said there were "too many of you lot, we need to do something about it" to four Yorkshire players of Asian origin in 2009.
The allegation was corroborated by two of the others in question -- Adil Rashid and Rana Naved-ul-Hasan.
AFP