Depression is often seen as a condition that primarily affects younger individuals, but this perspective overlooks a significant demographic: men over 50.

In South Africa, where mental health awareness is still evolving, understanding the nuances of depression in older men is crucial.

In a society that often equates masculinity with stoicism, many men feel compelled to mask their emotional struggles. This reluctance can lead to severe consequences, as depression in this age group frequently manifests through physical symptoms rather than emotional expressions.

Below are several key warning signs of depression in men over 50 from Affinity Health:

1. Irritability or anger

For many men, instead of expressing sadness, depression may present as increased irritability or anger. Sudden outbursts or a short temper can signal underlying emotional distress.

Sudden outbursts or a short temper can signal underlying emotional distress. Picture: Nicola Barts/ Pexels

Friends and family need to recognise these behaviours as potential cries for help rather than mere personality flaws.

2. Increased alcohol or substance use

In an attempt to cope with emotional pain, some older men may turn to alcohol or drugs. While these substances might offer temporary relief, they often exacerbate depression, leading to a vicious cycle of dependency and worsening mental health.

3. Changes in sleep patterns

Depression frequently disrupts sleep, resulting in insomnia, early waking, or excessive sleeping. These changes not only contribute to persistent fatigue but also impair cognitive functions, making it difficult to manage daily tasks.

4. Persistent fatigue

Feeling drained and lacking energy, even after sufficient rest, is a common indicator of depression. This fatigue can hinder men from engaging in everyday activities, leading to a sense of hopelessness.

According to research, chronic fatigue is often overlooked as a symptom of depression, especially in older adults.

5. Loss of interest in activities

A noticeable decline in interest in previously enjoyed hobbies be it sports, gardening, or social gatherings can signify depression. This withdrawal from activities not only deepens feelings of isolation but can also lead to a cycle of sadness and inactivity.

6. Unexplained physical symptoms

Interestingly, depression can manifest through unexplained physical ailments such as headaches, stomach issues or chronic pain.

When these symptoms appear without a clear medical explanation, they can often be misdiagnosed, further complicating the individual's mental health journey.

7. Appetite and weight changes

Depression can significantly alter eating behaviours some men may lose their appetite entirely, while others might indulge in comfort eating.

These fluctuations can lead to noticeable weight changes, whether it’s significant weight loss or gain, and can have further health implications.

8. Withdrawal from family and friends

Isolation is a common symptom of depression. Men may retreat from social engagements and distance themselves from loved ones.

This withdrawal not only exacerbates feelings of loneliness but can also hinder the support systems that are vital for recovery.

Effective strategies for older adults in fighting depression

Depression can be particularly challenging for older adults, but several effective strategies can help manage symptoms and improve overall well-being. Here are some key approaches that have proven beneficial:

Regular physical activity

Engaging in regular exercise can significantly boost mood and reduce symptoms of depression. Activities like walking, swimming, or yoga can enhance physical health, increase energy levels, and release endorphins natural mood lifters.

Social engagements

Maintaining social connections is crucial. Joining clubs, attending community events, or simply spending time with family and friends can combat feelings of loneliness and isolation.

Regular social interactions provide emotional support and foster a sense of belonging.

Healthy diet

A well-balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can positively impact mental health. Certain nutrients, like omega-3 fatty acids found in fish, have been linked to reduced depression symptoms. Staying hydrated is also essential.

Seeking professional help

Therapy, particularly cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), can be highly effective for older adults dealing with depression.

Establishing routine

Creating a daily routine can provide structure and purpose. Regular schedules for meals, activities, and sleep can help stabilise mood and enhance feelings of control and predictability.

Pursuing hobbies and interests

Engaging in hobbies or exploring new interests can foster joy and fulfilment. Whether it’s gardening, painting, reading, or volunteering, pursuing passions helps distract from negative thoughts and increases feelings of accomplishment.

Fighting depression requires a multifaceted approach, particularly for older adults. If you or someone you know is struggling with depression, reaching out to a healthcare professional or a support group is essential. You are not alone in this fight.